Genetic divergence refers to the accumulation of differences in the genetic material of populations over time. This divergence occurs due to various factors such as genetic drift, natural selection, and gene flow, which can lead to the formation of new species or subpopulations. Understanding genetic divergence is crucial in evolutionary biology, as it helps researchers to investigate patterns of genetic variation and speciation processes. This area of research can provide insights into the genetic basis of adaptation, population dynamics, and evolutionary history.